ingandUrbanDevelopment,LiveFree:AnnualReportonFairHousing(Washington,DC:USDepartmentofHousingandUrbanDevelopment,2010)。FairHousingofMarin,DiscriminationagainstFamilieswithChildreninRentalHousing(SanRafael:FairHousingofMarin,2002);GulfCoastFairHousingCenter,AnAuditReportonRaceandFamilyStatusDiscriminationintheMississippiGulfCoastRentalHousingMarket(Gulfport:GulfCoastFairHousingCenter,2004)。
9.《密尔沃基地区租户调查》(2009—2011)。
10.奈德确实居无定所,四处游荡。但他还是会像非裔美国社会学家、泛非民权人士杜波依斯(DuBois)所说,从贬低黑人等行为中得到“心理层面薪资给付”。参见BlackReconstructioninAmerica(Cleveland:MeridianBooks,1969[1935]),700。
11.社会学家直以来都认为,羞耻带来压力是贫困黑人社区中许多婚姻关系破裂元凶。对那些失业男性而言,每天两手空空地面对家人,这样耻辱积累到定程度后,抛家弃子就显得没那羞耻。停留在固定(婚姻)关系中,就意味着“与失败共生,与自己不堪日复日地打照面……出于自保护,这些做丈夫就会重回街头”。而单亲妈妈就没有这种在街角“当鸵鸟”权利。详见ElliotLiebow,Tally’sCorner:AStudyofNegroStreetcornerMen(Boston:Little,BrownandCompany,1967),135-36。同时参见KathrynEdinandTimothyNelson,DoingtheBestICan:FatherhoodintheInnerCity(Berkeley:UniversityofCaliforniaPress,2013)。
12.OrlandoPatterson,RitualsofBlood:ConsequencesofSlaveryinTwoAmericanCenturies(NewYork:BasicCivitasBooks,1998),134;NancyScheperHughes,DeathWithoutWeeping:TheViolenceofEverydayLifeinBrazil(Berkeley:UniversityofCaliforniaPress,1992),276.
13.Ca
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