books,1949,46.
2.J.S.BRUNERANDL.POSTMAN.Anapproachtosocialperception,Chapter10inW.DENNIS(ED.),CurrentTrendsinSocialPsychology.Pittsburgh:Univ.ofPittsburghPress,1948.
3.E.G.MALHERBE.RaceAttitudesandEducation.HornléLecture,1946,Johannesburg:InstituteofRaceRelations.
4.FromAletterpublishedinAmericainDanger,June15,1942.
5.G.HUMPHREY.DirectedThinking.NewYork:Dodd,Mead,1948.SeealsoChapter2,Footnote2.
6.S.B.SELLS,未发表研究。Seealso“Theatmosphereeffect,”ArchivesofPsychology,1936,No200.
7.FRITZHEIDER以下实验说明,即使是看待像线条运动这样非个人模式时,们仍然会在很大程度上倾向于将其拟人化,见FRITZHEIDER,Socialperceptionandphenomenalcausality,PsychologicalReview,1944,51,358-874。看着线条在个简短电影演示中移动,几乎所有被试都讲出个机械移动线条似乎代表某种人类故事。对观察者来说,移动线条和几何图形似乎代表着个个有动机人,他们彼此间有互动。
8.L.POSTMAN.Towardageneraltheoryofcognition.InJ.H.ROHRERANDM.SHERIF(EDS).SocialPsychologyattheCrossroads,NewYorkHarper,1951.
9.对“最少努力原则”详细解释见G.K.ZIPE,HumanBehaviorandthePrincipleofLeastEffort,Cambridge:Addison-Wesley,1949。
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